critical theory with slavoj zizek: Freud proposed as a utopian solution for the deadlocks of humanity the “dictatorship of reason”―men should unite and together subordinate and master their irrational unconscious forces. The problem here, of course, lies with the very distinction between reason and the unconscious: on the one hand, the Freudian unconscious is “rational,” discursive, having nothing to do with a reservoir of dark primitive instincts; on the other hand, reason is for Freud always close to “rationalization,” to finding (false) reasons for a cause whose true nature is disavowed. The intersection between reason and drive is best signaled by the fact that Freud uses the same formulation for both: the voice of reason or of the drive is often silent, slow, but it persists forever. This intersection is our only hope. The communist horizon is peopled by two millennia of failed radical egalitarian rebellions from Spartacus onwards―yes, they were all lost causes, but, as G. K. Chesterton put it in his What’s Wrong with the World, “the lost causes are exactly those which might have saved the world.”